Physics - Inelastic collisions

If we need to model the deformations in the materials then we need a more complex model. Say by modeling a body as a set of points connected by springs etc. A bit like a 3 dimensional version of the Graph Network program distributed with the JDK.

Example of this type of program

DYNA3D

A commercial program, for analyzing the large deformation dynamic response of inelastic solids and structures. Models explicit, three-dimensional, finite elements. DYNA3D contain 30 material models and 10 equations of state (EOS) to cover a wide range of material behavior. The material models implemented are: elastic, orthotropic elastic, kinematic/isotropic plasticity, thermoelastoplastic, soil and crushable foam, linear viscoelastic, Blatz-Ko rubber, high explosive burn, hydrodynamic without deviatoric stresses, elastoplastic hydrodynamic, temperature dependent elastoplastic, isotropic elastoplastic, isotropic elastoplastic with failure, soil and crushable foam with failure, Johnson/Cook plasticity model, pseudo TENSOR geological model, elastoplastic with fracture, power law isotropic plasticity, strain rate dependent plasticity, rigid, thermal orthotropic, composite damage model, thermal orthotropic with 12 curves, piecewise linear isotropic plasticity, and inviscid two invariant geologic cap, orthotropic crushable model, Moonsy-Rivlin rubber, resultant plasticity, closed form update shell plasticity, and Frazer-Nash rubber model. The IBM 3090 version does not contain the last two models mentioned.
The hydrodynamic material models determine only the deviatoric stresses. Pressure is determined by one of ten equations of state including linear polynomial, JWL high explosive, Sack "Tuesday" high explosive, Gruneisen, ratio of polynomials, linear polynomial with energy deposition, ignition and growth of reaction in HE, tabulated compaction, tabulated, and TENSOR pore collapse. DYNA3D generates three binary output databases. One contains information for complete states at infrequent intervals; 50 to 100 states is typical. The second contains information for a subset of nodes and elements at frequent intervals; 1,000 to 10,000 states is typical. The last contains interfaces data for contact surfaces.

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Possible Applications

Automotive

Airbags, Occupant Safety, Crash Analysis

Aerospace

Bird Strike, Blade containment, Crash

Manufacturing

Stamping, Forging, Casting

Structural

Earthquake Safety, Concrete Structures

Electronics

Drop Analysis, Package Design, Thermal