Given a path [0,1] in the base space B and a point e0 in the total space E. We can 'lift' this path into the total space E as a path starting at e0. |
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Here I am mostly concentrating on discrete structures so we need a looser concept of continuous mappings. |
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An inclusion from [0,1] into B can be lifted into E: If we are using CW-complexes to model our topological spaces then we can use a slightly weaker form of fibration known as a Serre fibration. |
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Simple ExampleFibration and co-fibration is related to fibre bundles as discussed on the page here. To recap from this page we can start with a surjective mapping between sets and then add extra structure to these sets. In this example we have two sets B the base set and E the total set and a surjective mapping p between them. |
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| We get a fibre bundle by trying to get as close as we can to the inverse of the function p without making arbitrary choices. |  |
On this page want to expand the idea of fibre bundles on sets to add more structure. As an example lets go from sets to directed graphs. The function p must now map the arrows as well as the vertices. |
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What is the closest we can get to an inverse function? Here is a possibility. This 'lifts' the vertices to sets which may contain multiple vertices. |
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Is this valid because two paths join and this is like a tear which is not allowed in topology/homotopy transforms? |
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So E is like a product. Here we lift the interval to the red arrow in E. note: we think of this as being continuous even though this example has discrete vertices. |
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But E only needs to be like a product locally. |
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Can we think of this lifted mapping as being between the sets? |
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Fibration
We can generalise a fibre bundle to have more structure than a type indexed by a set:
- A fibration allows us to use something more complicated than a set to index types.
- A sheaf allows us to relate local and global structure.
FibrationIn this diagram B represents the base space and E represents the total space. B is now more than the index set because it now has structure. p is a projection of the total space into the base space. |
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The diagram needs to have the lifting property which says that there must be an arrow h~ from the path to E. So given the structure in E0 we can get the structure at other points. |
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Fibration ExampleA cylinder (S1*I) mapped onto a circle (S1). This map is a projection locally (upto homeomorphism). Since we only require a projection locally we could also project from a helix or a Möbius band. |
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Fibrations of Graphs
theory: topological graph theory
| undirected graph: | covering projection |
| directed graph: | fibration (weaker form of covering projection) |
Here is an example for directed multigraphs. Each node in the top graph maps to the bottom graph (fibration). The corresponding node always has the same number and colour of incoming arcs (but not necessarily outgoing arcs). This gives some sort of local invariance. |
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Next
If we reverse the arrows in the diagram for fibrations we get the diagram for cofobrations:
Co-fibration involves the concept of extension
- fibration - lift
- co-fibration - extension
Extension is dual to lift.
- Fibrations and Cofibrations are used in model theory.
